J Korean Neurol Assoc > Volume 33(1); 2015 > Article |
Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex/Age | F/75 | F/76 | F/73 | F/78 | M/78 | |
Past history | HiBp Minimal SDH without operation | SAH with operation | HiBp, DM Chronic alcoholism | HiBp, DM | Liver cirrhosis Chronic alcoholism | |
Chief complaint | Cognitive dysfunction Gait disturbance Voiding Incontinence for 3 months | Cognitive dysfunction Gait disturbance for 2months | Cognitive dysfunction Gait disturbance for 4 years Voiding incontinence for 1 year | Cognitive dysfunction Gait disturbance for 4 years | Cognitive dysfunction for 4years Gait disturbance, Voiding incontinence for 4 months | |
Gait status | Impossible independent standing | Good independent gait but slower speed than previous time | Impossible independent standing | Possible independent gait but unstable | Possible independent gait but unstable | |
UPDRS motor | 49 | 23 | 33 | 14 | 41 | |
Brain MRI or CT findings except hydrocephalus | Hippocampal atrophya (Schelten grade; Rt/Lt) | 3/3 | 2/2 | 3/3 | 3/3 | 3/2 |
Small vessel diseaseb | Minimal | Minimal | Minimal | Minimal | Minimal | |
Others | Old infarction in left basal,ganglia | Lacunar infarction in right cerebellum |
HiBp; hypertension, SAH; subarachnoid hemorrahge, DM; diabetes mellitus, SDH; subdural hemorrhage, UPDRS; United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.
a Schelten grade for hippocampal atrophy; visual grading by height of the hippocampal formation and enlargement of the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid spaces (Shim et al. 2011) [6].
b Minimal; periventricular whitematter hyperintensities (cap and band <5 mm) and maximum diameter of deep white matter lesion<10 mm (Shim et al. 2011) [6].
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Case 2 |
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Case 5 |
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Pre | Post | Next | Op 1 w | Op 8 m | Pre | Post | Next | Op 1 w | Op l m | Pre | Post | Next | Op 1 w | Op 5 m | Pre | Post | Next | Op 1 w | Op 2 m | Pre | Post | Next | Op 1 w | Op 2 m | ||
Evan’s ratiob | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.35 | ||||||||||||||||
Education (years) | 0 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
K-MMSE | 10 | 12a | 12 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 17a | 16a | 13 | 23 | 20 | 18 | 21a | 9 | 21 | 20 | 21a | 20 | 19 | 21 | |||
MoCA-K | 1 | 2a | 4 | 8 | 4 | 6a | 13 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 12a | 5 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 16 | 20 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 14 | ||||
Stroop test (112) | Word | f | f | f | f | f | 79 | 79 | 102 | 88 | 80 | 80 | 68 | 7 | 108 | 112 | 112 | 111 | 110 | 79 | 81a | 86a | 75 | 59 | ||
Color | f | f | f | f | f | 1 | 1 | 42 | 70 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 14 | 21a | 9 | 3 | 26 | 23 | 36a | 28 | 30 | |||
TMT-A(sec) | f | f | f | f | f | f | f | 70 | 97 | 120 | 62a | 106a | f | 113 | 63 | 68 | 104 | 74 | 54 | 50a | 63 | 49 | 55 | |||
ICIQ-SE | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | ||
UPDRS III | 49 | 38 | 12 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 12 | 4 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 23 | 13 | 12a | 11a | 13 | 13 | 41 | 36a | 36a | 37 | 34 | |||
GSS | 15 | 14a | 13 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 4a | 4a | 5 | 4 | 8 | 7a | 7a | 7 | 6 | ||
Stride (cm) | 4.2 | 9.7a | 15.3a | 14.5 | 57.7 | 63.7a | 58.7a | 52.4 | 51 | 48 | 55a | 55 | 55 | 35 | 38.8a | 33.3 | f | 58 | 75.5 | 84.5a | 77a | 86.5 | ||||
10 meter walking (sec) | f | f | f | f | 14 | 13a | 16 | 11 | 20 | 15a | 15a | f | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | f | 12.5 | 10 | 10 | 9a | 10 | 10.5 | |||
TUG (sec) | f | f | f | f | 10 | 12 | lla | 12 | 10 | 10 | f | f | f | f | 30 | 14 | 13a | 13a | f | 11.5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 10 |
Pre; before a lumbar puncture (LP), Post; right after or 4hours after LP, Next; 24 hours after LP, Op; Shunt operation, TMT; trail making test, ICIQ-SE; International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-short form, UPDRS; United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, w; week, m; month, sec; second, cm; centimeter, f; fail.