1. Assessment: clinical autonomic testing report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.
Neurology 1996;46:873-880.
2. Park KJ, Lee H, Kim HA, Kang SY, Kim BJ, Nam TS, et al. Guidelines for autonomic function test. J Pain Auton Disord 2013;2:55-65.
3. Low PA. Composite autonomic scoring scale for laboratory quantification of generalized autonomic failure.
Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:748-752.
4. Low PA. Clinical autonomic disorders. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.
5. Novak P. Quantitative autonomic testing.
J Vis Exp 2011;(53):2502.
6. Low PA. Evaluation of sudomotor function.
Clin Neurophysiol 2004;115:1506-1513.
7. Buchmann SJ, Penzlin AI, Kubasch ML, Illigens BMW, Siepmann T. Assessment of sudomotor function.
Clin Auton Res 2019;29:41-53.
8. Low PA, Denq JC, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Dyck PJ, O’Brien PC, Slezak JM. Effect of age and gender on sudomotor and cardiovagal function and blood pressure response to tilt in normal subjects.
Muscle Nerve 1997;20:1561-1568.
9. Park KH, Kim BJ, Kang SY, Oh SY, Sohn EH, Song K, et al. Reference ranges for autonomic function tests in healthy Korean adults.
Ann Clin Neurophysiol 2019;21:87-93.
10. Chen SF, Chang YT, Lu CH, Huang CR, Tsai NW, Chang CC, et al. Sweat output measurement of the post-ganglion sudomotor response by Q-Sweat test: a normative database of Chinese individuals.
BMC Neurosci 2012;13:62.
11. Cohen J, Low P, Fealey R, Sheps S, Jiang NS. Somatic and autonomic function in progressive autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy.
Ann Neurol 1987;22:692-699.
12. Illigens BMW, Gibbons CH. Autonomic testing, methods and techniques. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, ed. 160:Armsterdam: Elsevier, 2019;419-433.
13. Phillips EL, Donofrio PD. Autonomic disorders. In: Squire LR, ed. Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Oxford: Academic Press, 2009;799-808.
14. Chelimsky TC, Low PA, Naessens JM, Wilson PR, Amadio PC, O’Brien PC. Value of autonomic testing in reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Mayo Clin Proc 1995;70:1029-1040.
15. Lee HJ, Kim SE, Moon JY, Shin JY, Kim YC. Analysis of quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test patterns in patients with complex regional pain syndrome diagnosed using the Budapest criteria.
Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019;44:1026-1032.
16. Chan ACY, Wilder-Smith EP. Small fiber neuropathy: getting bigger!: small fiber neuropathy.
Muscle Nerve 2016;53:671-682.
17. Blackmore D, Siddiqi ZA. Diagnostic criteria for small fiber neuropathy.
J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2017;18:125-131.
18. Ziemssen T, Siepmann T. The investigation of the cardiovascular and sudomotor autonomic nervous system-a review.
Front Neurol 2019;10:53.
19. Lee H, Kim HA. Evaluation of adrenergic function: Tilt-Table and Valsalva test.
Res Vestib Sci 2018;17:8-12.
20. Vogel ER, Sandroni P, Low PA. Blood pressure recovery from Valsalva maneuver in patients with autonomic failure.
Neurology 2005;65:1533-1537.
21. Vogel ER, Corfits JL, Sandroni P, Sletten DM, Benarroch EE, Fealey RD, et al. Effect of position on Valsalva Maneuver: supine vs. 20 degree position.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2008;25:313-316.
22. Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, Benditt DG, Benarroch E, Biaggioni I, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome.
Auton Neurosci 2011;161:46-48.
23. Gibbons CH, Schmidt P, Biaggioni I, Frazier-Mills C, Freeman R, Isaacson S, et al. The recommendations of a consensus panel for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and associated supine hypertension.
J Neurol 2017;264:1567-1582.
24. Kaufmann H, Palma JA. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: the very basics.
Clin Auton Res 2017;27:39-43.
25. Norcliffe‐Kaufmann L, Kaufmann H, Palma JA, Shibao CA, Biaggioni I, Peltier AC, et al. Orthostatic heart rate changes in patients with autonomic failure caused by neurodegenerative synucleinopathies.
Ann Neurol 2018;83:522-531.
26. Fanciulli A, Kerer K, Leys F, Seppi K, Kaufmann H, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, et al. Validation of the neurogenic orthostatic hypotension ratio with active standing.
Ann Neurol 2020;88:643-645.
27. Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Clinical implications of delayed orthostatic hypotension: a 10-year follow-up study.
Neurology 2015;85:1362-1367.
28. Byun JI, Moon J, Kim DY, Shin H, Sunwoo JS, Lim JA, et al. Delayed orthostatic hypotension: severity of clinical symptoms and response to medical treatment.
Auton Neurosci 2018;213:81-85.
29. Jordan J, Ricci F, Hoffmann F, Hamrefors V, Fedorowski A. Orthostatic hypertension: critical appraisal of an overlooked condition.
Hypertension 2020;75:1151-1158.
30. Fessel J, Robertson D. Orthostatic hypertension: when pressor reflexes overcompensate.
Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2006;2:424-431.
31. Finucane C, van Wijnen VK, Fan CW, Soraghan C, Byrne L, Westerhof BE, et al. A practical guide to active stand testing and analysis using continuous beat-to-beat non-invasive blood pressure monitoring.
Clin Auton Res 2019;29:427-441.
32. Novak P. Cerebral blood flow, heart rate, and blood pressure patterns during the Tilt Test in common orthostatic syndromes.
Neurosci J 2016;2016:1-20.
33. Park J. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia.
Int J Arrhythm 2016;17:86-89.
34. Garland EM, Celedonio JE, Raj SR. Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2015;15:60.
35. Peltier AC, Garland E, Raj SR, Sato K, Black B, Song Y, et al. Distal sudomotor findings in postural tachycardia syndrome.
Clin Auton Res 2010;20:93-99.
36. Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, Cohen MI, Forman DE, Goldberger ZD, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society.
Circulation 2017;136:e60-e122.
37. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Del Rosso A, Costa S, Gaggioli G, Bottoni N, et al. New classification of haemodynamics of vasovagal syncope: beyond the VASIS classification. Analysis of the pre-syncopal phase of the tilt test without and with nitroglycerin challenge. Vasovagal Syncope International Study.
Europace 2000;2:66-76.
38. Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, Deharo JC, Elliott PM, Fanciulli A, et al. 2018 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope.
Eur Heart J 2018;39:1883-1948.
39. Ward C, Kenny RA. Reproducibility of orthostatic hypotension in symptomatic elderly.
Am J Med 1996;100:418-422.
40. Lee H, Low PA, Kim HA. Patients with orthostatic intolerance: relationship to autonomic function tests results and reproducibility of symptoms on tilt.
Sci Rep 2017;7:5706.
41. Shin KJ, Kim SE, Park KM, Park J, Ha SY, Kim SE, et al. Cerebral hemodynamics in orthostatic intolerance with normal head-up tilt test.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2016;134:108-115.
42. Munetsugu T, Fujimoto T, Oshima Y, Sano K, Murota H, Satoh T, et al. Revised guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis in Japan.
J Dermatol 2017;44:394-400.
43. Kimpinski K, Ives CT. A case of acute reversible pure adrenergic failure.
Auton Neurosci 2013;179:163-165.