1. Kim HJ, Lee SB, Myung HJ. Autonomic dysfunction measured by valsalva ratio in Parkinson's disease. J Korean Neurol Assoc 1987;5:230-235.
2. Pinter B, Diem-Zangerl A, Wenning GK, Scherfler C, Oberaigner W, Seppi K, et al. Mortality in Parkinson's disease: a 38-year follow-up study.
Mov Disord 2015;30:266-269.
3. Harnod D, Wen SH, Chen SY, Harnod T. The association of heart rate variability with parkinsonian motor symptom duration.
Yonsei Med J 2014;55:1297-1302.
4. Verbaan D, Marinus J, Visser M, van Rooden SM, Stiggelbout AM, van Hilten JJ. Patient-reported autonomic symptoms in Parkinson disease.
Neurology 2007;69:333-341.
5. Piha SJ, Rinne JO, Rinne UK, Seppanen A. Autonomic dysfunction in recent onset and advanced Parkinson's disease.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1988;90:221-226.
6. Druschky A, Hilz MJ, Platsch G, Radespiel-Troger M, Druschky K, Kuwert T, et al. Differentiation of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy in early disease stages by means of I-123-MIBG-SPECT.
J Neurol Sci 2000;175:3-12.
7. Ludin SM, Steiger UH, Ludin HP. Autonomic disturbances and cardiovascular reflexes in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
J Neurol 1987;235:10-15.
8. Buob A, Winter H, Kindermann M, Becker G, Moller JC, Oertel WH, et al. Parasympathetic but not sympathetic cardiac dysfunction at early stages of Parkinson's disease.
Clin Res Cardiol 2010;99:701-706.
9. van Dijk JG, Haan J, Zwinderman K, Kremer B, van Hilten BJ, Roos RA. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: relationships with age, medication, duration, and severity.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:1090-1095.
10. Low PA. Composite autonomic scoring scale for laboratory quantification of generalized autonomic failure.
Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:748-752.
11. Vogel ER, Sandroni P, Low PA. Blood pressure recovery from Valsalva maneuver in patients with autonomic failure.
Neurology 2005;65:1533-1537.
12. Novak P. Assessment of sympathetic index from the Valsalva maneuver.
Neurology 2011;76:2010-2016.
13. Schrezenmaier C, Singer W, Swift NM, Sletten D, Tanabe J, Low PA. Adrenergic and vagal baroreflex sensitivity in autonomic failure.
Arch Neurol 2007;64:381-386.
14. Seccombe LM, Rogers PG, Hayes MW, Farah CS, Veitch EM, Peters MJ. Reduced hypoxic sympathetic response in mild Parkinson's disease: further evidence of early autonomic dysfunction.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013;19:1066-1068.
15. Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Li ST, Bruce S, Metman LV, Cannon RO 3rd. Cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson disease.
Ann Intern Med 2000;133:338-347.
16. Takatsu H, Nishida H, Matsuo H, Watanabe S, Nagashima K, Wada H, et al. Cardiac sympathetic denervation from the early stage of Parkinson's disease: clinical and experimental studies with radiolabeled MIBG. J Nucl Med 2000;41:71-77.
17. Kallio M, Haapaniemi T, Turkka J, Suominen K, Tolonen U, Sotaniemi K, et al. Heart rate variability in patients with untreated Parkinson's disease.
Eur J Neurol 2000;7:667-672.
18. Shibata M, Morita Y, Shimizu T, Takahashi K, Suzuki N. Cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction concurrent with cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease.
J Neurol Sci 2009;276:79-83.
19. Turkka JT, Tolonen U, Myllyla VV. Cardiovascular reflexes in Parkinson's disease.
Eur Neurol 1987;26:104-112.
20. Nakamura T, Hirayama M, Hara T, Mizutani Y, Suzuki J, Watanabe H, et al. Role of cardiac sympathetic nerves in preventing orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014;20:409-414.
21. Ewing DJ, Clarke BF. Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:916-918.
22. Rudas L, Crossman AA, Morillo CA, Halliwill JR, Tahvanainen KU, Kuusela TA, et al. Human sympathetic and vagal baroreflex responses to sequential nitroprusside and phenylephrine.
Am J Physiol 1999;276:H1691-1698.
23. Forno LS. Neuropathology of Parkinson's disease.
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1996;55:259-272.
24. Senard JM, Valet P, Durrieu G, Berlan M, Tran MA, Montastruc JL, et al. Adrenergic supersensitivity in parkinsonians with orthostatic hypotension.
Eur J Clin Invest 1990;20:613-619.
25. Takeda S, Yamazaki K, Miyakawa T, Arai H. Parkinson's disease with involvement of the parasympathetic ganglia.
Acta Neuropathol 1993;86:397-398.
26. Goetz CG, Lutge W, Tanner CM. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
Neurology 1986;36:73-75.
27. Durrieu G, Senard JM, Tran MA, Rascol A, Montastruc JL. Effects of levodopa and bromocriptine on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in parkinsonians.
Clin Neuropharmacol 1991;14:84-90.
28. Visser M, Marinus J, Stiggelbout AM, Van Hilten JJ. Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: the SCOPA-AUT.
Mov Disord 2004;19:1306-1312.
29. Pavy-Le Traon A, Amarenco G, Duerr S, Kaufmann H, Lahrmann H, Shaftman SR, et al. The Movement Disorders task force review of dysautonomia rating scales in Parkinson's disease with regard to symptoms of orthostatic hypotension.
Mov Disord 2011;26:1985-1992.