Inhibitory Effect of Tyrphostin AG126 on Brain Synaptosomal Dysfunction Induced by Cholesterol Oxidation Products

J Korean Neurol Assoc > Volume 26(3); 2008 > Article

Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2008;26(3): 231-238.

콜레스테롤 산화생성물에 의해 유발된뇌 Synaptosome 기능이상에 미치는Tyrphostin AG126의 억제 효과

홍기무, 한정호 김두응 송진호a 이정수a

서울 보훈병원 신경과, 중앙대학교 의과대학 약리학교실a

Inhibitory Effect of Tyrphostin AG126 on Brain Synaptosomal Dysfunction Induced by Cholesterol Oxidation Products

Ki-Moo Hong

Department of Neurology, Seoul Veterans Hospital, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacologya, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

Background: Formation of cholesterol oxidation products is a suggested mechanism of neurodegenerative disorders. Neuronal cell death is mediated by an increased release of excitotoxic glutamate from the presynaptic nerve endings. Tyrosine-specific protein kinases modulate neurotransmitter release at the nerve terminals. Tyrphostin AG126 has anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. However, it remains uncertain whether tyrphostin AG126 has a preventive effect on the alteration of nerve terminal function induced by cholesterol oxidation products.
Methods: The present study was performed to assess the effect of cholesterol oxidation products against nerve terminal function using synaptosomes isolated from rat cerebrum. We determined the preventive effect of tyrphostin AG126 against oxysterol toxicity by measuring the effects on the glutamate release, depolarization of the membrane potential, changes in Ca2+ levels, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity.
Results: Synaptosomes treated with 7-ketocholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol exhibited a sustained release of glutamate, depolarization of membrane potential, early rapid increase in cellular Ca2+ levels and decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Those responses were concentration-dependent. Treatment of tyrphostin AG126 interfered with alteration of synaptosomal functions and decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity induced by 7-ketocholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol.
Conclusions: The results show that 7-ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol seem to cause the release of glutamate by inducing depolarization of the membrane potential and early rapid increase in cellular Ca2+ levels and by inactivating Na+/K+-ATPase in the cerebral synaptosomes. Treatment of tyrphostin AG126 may prevent the oxysterol-induced nerve terminal dysfunction. KeyWords:Synaptosomes, Oxysterols, Tyrphostin AG126, Glutamate, Ca2+, Na+/K+-ATPase